Notes

How the products actually compute it.

Short notes on method, written by the people who build the systems. No announcements, no customers named, no results from anybody's deployment. Just the reasoning behind decisions that are otherwise invisible from the outside of a product page.

· PHAROS · Method

The circle on the datasheet is not the coverage.

Every sensor sold for coastal surveillance comes with a range. Ten kilometres, eighteen, thirty. Put a hundred of them on a map at the ranges in the brochure and the coast is covered twice over. That map is the reason gaps get discovered by the thing that crossed the barrier rather than by the plan.

A range figure is a statement about the sensor in open water. It is not a statement about the water in front of this buoy. A headland, a sandbank, a shipping channel with the wrong bottom profile, and the usable footprint stops being a circle and becomes a polygon with bites taken out of it. So PHAROS never draws the circle. It walks the depth profile out along every azimuth from the node, finds where the geometry stops the sensor, and returns the polygon that survives.

The second correction matters as much. Where a radar footprint and a sonar footprint overlap, most planning tools take the union and report the larger area as protected. That is backwards for the question a coastguard is actually asking. A sonar contact is worth something operationally where the radar picture is also clear, because that is where the contact can be resolved and acted on. Protected water is the intersection. Take the union and you overstate the coast, sometimes by a factor that would embarrass anybody who signed the layout.

The consequence is uncomfortable and correct: a barrier that looked continuous on a range map usually is not, and the number of nodes needed to close it honestly is higher than the first budget assumed. We would rather have that argument at the planning table than after an incident review.

The same masking pass feeds the maintenance model. Once you know which polygon each node actually contributes, you know which node failing opens a hole and which one merely thins an overlap, and the boat gets routed to the first kind before the gap opens.

· TerraScan · Method

A composite score is only worth having if it comes apart.

Every risk product eventually produces a single number per unit of territory. It has to. A county council with ninety localities cannot read forty indicators for each of them, and a ranking is the only artefact that turns imagery into an order of work.

The failure mode is well known. The number gets built by weighting a dozen indicators together, the weights come from a workshop nobody wrote down, and six months later a mayor asks why their locality scores 71 while the neighbouring one scores 48. If the honest answer is that the model says so, the score is finished as an instrument. It will be quietly ignored from that day, and the imagery behind it will have been wasted.

So we build the score to be taken apart on demand. Every composite in TerraScan carries the indicator values that produced it, the normalisation applied to each, the weight it received and the contribution in points that weight bought. Open a score of 71 and you get the sentence that matters: vegetation dryness and exposure account for 44 of those points, and both were measured on the pass eleven days ago.

Two rules keep it usable. Weights are configuration, not code, and they are visible to the customer who lives with the consequences. And a missing indicator is never silently treated as a zero or filled from a regional average. It is declared missing, the composite says it is computed on incomplete evidence, and the ranking makes clear which units are being compared on less information than the rest.

It costs a slightly less confident headline number. It buys a score that survives its first serious challenge, which is the only property that matters, because a prioritisation instrument nobody trusts prioritises nothing.

· Across the products · Principle

Measured, computed, estimated: the label belongs on the number.

An operations screen shows a state of charge of 46 per cent. Somewhere else it shows a projected 12 per cent at the end of the shift. The two numbers sit in the same table, in the same font, and one of them was read off a vehicle two minutes ago while the other is the output of a consumption model that has never seen this route in February.

Presenting them identically is the most common lie in operational software, and it is usually accidental. Nobody decided to hide the difference. It just never had anywhere to live, because provenance was treated as metadata for the data engineers rather than as part of what the value is.

In our products it is part of the value. Every operational figure carries one of three labels and the interface shows it: measured, it came from a sensor or a record, with its timestamp; computed, it is a deterministic function of measured inputs, and the function can be opened; estimated, a model produced it, and the model states its assumptions and its error.

The discipline pays for itself in three places. Operators calibrate their trust correctly instead of uniformly, which is the difference between using a projection and ignoring the whole screen. Disagreements between two upstream systems become visible as disagreements rather than being resolved silently by whichever pipeline wrote last. And when a decision is reviewed a year later, the log says not only what was recommended but on what class of evidence, which is what a defensible decision actually means.

It also makes the gaps impossible to hide from ourselves. A screen where most values are marked estimated is a screen telling its own builders where the next integration has to go.

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Notes are dated on publication and are not edited afterwards. Corrections are published as new notes.